// Literal values
42
"hello world"
true
null

// Variable access
name
user.email
scores[0]

// Arithmetic with variables
(score1 + score2 + score3) / 3

// String manipulation
firstName + " " + lastName | uppercase

// Conditional logic
age >= 18 ? "adult" : "minor"

// Single argument
length("hello")              // 5
abs(-10)                     // 10
uppercase("hello")           // "HELLO"

// Multiple arguments
max([1, 5, 3, 9, 2])        // 9
substring("hello world", 0, 5)  // "hello"
contains("hello world", "world")  // true

// Functions within functions
length(split("a,b,c", ","))     // 3
max(map([1, 2, 3], "value * 2"))  // 6
round(average([1.1, 2.7, 3.9]), 2)  // 2.57

// Using expressions as arguments
filter(users, "value.age > " + minAge)
map(items, "value.price * " + taxRate)
sort(products, "value.priority == 'high' ? 1 : 2")

"  hello world  " | trim        // "hello world"
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5] | length       // 5
{a: 1, b: 2, c: 3} | keys      // ["a", "b", "c"]

// String processing pipeline
text | trim | lowercase | split(" ") | join("-")

// Array processing pipeline
numbers | filter("value > 0") | map("value * 2") | sort | reverse

// Mixed data processing
users | filter("value.active") | map("value.email") | distinct | sort

// Transform functions with parameters
"hello world" | substring(0, 5)           // "hello"
[1, 2, 3, 4] | filter("value > 2")       // [3, 4]
"apple,banana,cherry" | split(",")        // ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

// Simple conditions
status = isActive ? "online" : "offline"
message = count == 1 ? "1 item" : count + " items"

// Nested conditions
grade = score >= 90 ? "A" :
        score >= 80 ? "B" :
        score >= 70 ? "C" :
        score >= 60 ? "D" : "F"

// Multiple conditions
canVote = age >= 18 && citizenship == "US" && registered == true
hasAccess = isAdmin || (isMember && subscription.active)

// Short-circuit evaluation
userName = user && user.profile && user.profile.name || "Anonymous"

// Creating arrays
scores = [95, 87, 92, 78, 88]
names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"]
mixed = [user.name, user.age, user.active]

// Array transformations
highScores = scores | filter("value > 85")          // [95, 87, 92, 88]
upperNames = names | map("value | uppercase")       // ["ALICE", "BOB", "CHARLIE"]
sortedScores = scores | sort | reverse              // [95, 92, 88, 87, 78]

// Statistical operations
totalScore = scores | sum                           // 440
averageScore = scores | average                     // 88
highestScore = scores | max                         // 95
lowestScore = scores | min                          // 78

// Array analysis
uniqueValues = data | distinct
itemCount = items | length
hasHighScores = scores | any("value > 90")         // true
allPassing = scores | all("value >= 60")           // true

// Group and process
usersByDepartment = users | groupBy("value.department")
departmentCounts = usersByDepartment | map("length(value)")

// Find operations
firstAdult = users | find("value.age >= 18")
adminIndex = users | findIndex("value.role == 'admin'")

// Array reduction
concatenated = strings | reduce("acc + value", "")
product = numbers | reduce("acc * value", 1)

// Creating objects
user = {
  name: firstName + " " + lastName,
  age: currentYear - birthYear,
  isAdult: age >= 18,
  email: name | lowercase | replace(" ", ".") + "@company.com"
}

// Dynamic property access
property = "email"
userEmail = user[property]

// Extract object information
userKeys = user | keys                              // ["name", "age", "isAdult", "email"]
userValues = user | values                          // ["John Doe", 30, true, "john.doe@company.com"]
userEntries = user | entries                        // [["name", "John Doe"], ...]

// Object merging
defaults = {theme: "light", timeout: 5000}
userPrefs = {theme: "dark"}
settings = merge(defaults, userPrefs)               // {theme: "dark", timeout: 5000}

// Clean and format text
cleanTitle = rawTitle | trim | lowercase | replace(/[^a-z0-9\s]/g, "") | split(" ") | join("-")

// Text analysis
wordCount = text | split(" ") | length
hasKeyword = text | lowercase | contains(searchTerm | lowercase)

// String formatting
formatted = template | replace("{name}", user.name) | replace("{date}", now() | dateTimeFormat("YYYY-MM-DD"))

// Email validation pattern
isValidEmail = email | contains("@") && email | contains(".") && length(email) > 5

// Password strength
isStrongPassword = password | length >= 8 && 
                  password | contains(/[A-Z]/) && 
                  password | contains(/[a-z]/) && 
                  password | contains(/[0-9]/)

// Complex calculations
totalPrice = items | map("value.price * value.quantity") | sum
taxAmount = totalPrice * taxRate
finalPrice = totalPrice + taxAmount

// Statistics
variance = numbers | map("(value - " + (numbers | average) + ") ^ 2") | average
standardDeviation = sqrt(variance)

// Financial calculations
monthlyPayment = principal * (rate * (1 + rate)^months) / ((1 + rate)^months - 1)

// Trigonometry and advanced math
hypotenuse = sqrt(a^2 + b^2)
area = 3.14159 * radius^2
compound = principal * (1 + rate/periods)^(periods * years)

// Rounding and formatting
formatted = value | round(2) | formatNumber("$#,##0.00")
percentage = (value / total * 100) | round(1) + "%"

// Current time operations
currentTime = now()
currentMillis = millis()
formatted = currentTime | dateTimeFormat("YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss")

// Date arithmetic
futureDate = currentTime | dateTimeAdd("days", 30)
pastDate = currentTime | dateTimeAdd("months", -6)

// Time comparisons
isRecent = (now() | dateTimeToMillis) - (createdDate | dateTimeToMillis) < 86400000  // 24 hours
age = (now() | dateTimeToMillis) - (birthDate | dateTimeToMillis) | millisToDateTime | dateTimeFormat("YYYY")

// Null-safe operations
userName = user && user.profile && user.profile.name || "Unknown"
email = user?.profile?.contact?.email || "No email"

// Checking existence
hasEmail = "email" in user && user.email != null && user.email != ""
validUser = user != null && "name" in user && "id" in user

// Type checking before operations
safeLength = typeof value == "string" || Array.isArray(value) ? length(value) : 0
safeUppercase = typeof text == "string" ? text | uppercase : text

// Default values for different types
safeName = typeof name == "string" && name | trim | length > 0 ? name | trim : "Unknown"
safeNumber = typeof num == "number" && !isNaN(num) ? num : 0

// User eligibility check
isEligible = user.age >= minAge && 
            user.status == "active" && 
            user.credits >= requiredCredits &&
            user.lastLogin | dateTimeToMillis >= cutoffDate | dateTimeToMillis

// Data processing pipeline
result = rawData 
  | filter("value != null && value.id != null")
  | map("merge(value, {processedAt: now()})")
  | sort("value.priority")
  | filter("value.category in allowedCategories")
  | map("transform(value)")

// Define common calculations
taxRate = config.taxRate || 0.08
shippingCost = weight > 50 ? 25 : weight > 20 ? 15 : 5
discount = membership == "premium" ? 0.15 : membership == "standard" ? 0.10 : 0

// Use in main calculation
finalPrice = (basePrice * (1 - discount) * (1 + taxRate)) + shippingCost

// Good - filter early, transform late
result = largeArray 
  | filter("value.active && value.score > threshold")
  | map("complexTransformation(value)")

// Less efficient - transform everything first
result = largeArray 
  | map("complexTransformation(value)")
  | filter("value.active && value.score > threshold")

// Good - calculate once
currentTime = now()
recent = items | filter("value.timestamp > " + (currentTime - 86400000))

// Less efficient - calculate repeatedly
recent = items | filter("value.timestamp > " + (now() - 86400000))

// Form validation
isValidForm = name | trim | length > 0 &&
              email | contains("@") &&
              age >= 18 &&
              termsAccepted == true

// Data completeness
isComplete = requiredFields | all("value in data && data[value] != null")

// API response transformation
apiResponse = rawData | map("{
  id: value.id,
  name: value.full_name | trim,
  email: value.email_address | lowercase,
  isActive: value.status == 'active',
  lastSeen: value.last_login | dateTimeFormat('YYYY-MM-DD')
}")

// Sales report
report = {
  totalSales: orders | sum("value.amount"),
  averageOrder: orders | average("value.amount"),
  topCustomer: orders | groupBy("value.customerId") | map("sum(value, 'amount')") | max,
  ordersByStatus: orders | groupBy("value.status") | map("length(value)")
}

// Advanced search
searchResults = products 
  | filter("
    (searchTerm == null || value.name | lowercase | contains(searchTerm | lowercase)) &&
    (minPrice == null || value.price >= minPrice) &&
    (maxPrice == null || value.price <= maxPrice) &&
    (category == null || value.category == category)
  ")
  | sort("value.relevanceScore")
  | map("merge(value, {highlighted: highlightMatches(value.name, searchTerm)})")

// Good
isEligibleCustomer = customer.age >= 18 && customer.creditScore > 600
customerFullName = customer.firstName + " " + customer.lastName

// Less clear
result = c.a >= 18 && c.cs > 600
name = c.fn + " " + c.ln

// Good - readable steps
eligibilityAge = customer.age >= minimumAge
eligibilityCredit = customer.creditScore >= minimumCredit
eligibilityStatus = customer.status == "active"
isEligible = eligibilityAge && eligibilityCredit && eligibilityStatus

// Harder to read
isEligible = customer.age >= minimumAge && customer.creditScore >= minimumCredit && customer.status == "active"

// Calculate compound interest: P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
futureValue = principal * (1 + annualRate / compoundingsPerYear) ^ (compoundingsPerYear * years)

// Filter active users who logged in within the last 30 days
activeUsers = users | filter("value.status == 'active' && (now() - value.lastLogin) < 2592000000")

// Good - safe processing
result = input != null && typeof input == "string" ? 
         input | trim | lowercase | split(",") | map("value | trim") :
         []

// Risky - assumes input is valid
result = input | trim | lowercase | split(",") | map("value | trim")